Obesity is a real epidemic with significant health effects. The pathophysiology of obesity involves environmental factors such as excess diet and/or decreased physical activity. In all cases, the energy balance of the obese subject is positive. As part of an efficient management of this ever-increasing pathology, we wanted to measure the energy balance of a population of algerian adults (402 subjects aged 30 to 60 years followed in medical consultation). Body composition and energy metabolism were assessed by bioelectrical impedancemetry; the energy intake and the level of physical activity were assessed on codified interrogation. It turns out that obese subjects underestimate their dietary intake and are in their great majority inactive. The therapeutic management of these patients requires a nutritional education program combined with recommendations of adapted sports practice.

Aim: To determine the vertical transmission rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers and to find out the associated factors of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in Central Women Hospital (CWH), Mandalay. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on 150 HBsAg positive mothers and their newborns delivered at CWH, Mandalay between 1st February 2014 and 31st January 2015.Pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect background characteristics of mothers. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status of mothers, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and mode of delivery were noted by reviewing medical records of the mother. Gestational assessment of newborns was done. Blood samples from the newborns were collected immediately after birth to determine the HBsAg status of the newborn. Results: The vertical transmission rate of HBsAg was 20%. The vertical transmission rate was found to be associated with low socioeconomic status of mothers (OR 3; 95% CI, 1.2-7.6), HBeAg positivity in mothers (OR 14.5; 95% CI, 4.9-43.4) and preterm delivery (OR 4.7; 95% CI, 1.9-11.6). Conclusion: The vertical transmission rate of HBs Ag in this study was high. Maternal HBeAg positivity, low socioeconomic status of mothers and preterm delivery were found to be associated with the vertical transmission rate. Appropriate prophylaxis for newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers should be advocated as a government support program.

Aim: to study influence of phytoecdysteroids on the histological structure of the intestinal mucosa in model of chronic enteral insufficiency in the growing rats. Materials and methods: In the experiments, there were used white pedigree less rats growing under the laboratory conditions of the National University of Uzbekistan. At rats by chronic under-eating there was induced protein-energetic insufficiency. The little rats were divided into two groups on 30 day. One subgroup received phytoecdisteroid ecdisten in dose 2,5 mg/kg for 10 days (from 30 till 40 day of life) (studied group), second subgroup received a physiological solution. Control group included healthy little rats. The rats were killed on 40 day of postnatal life. For study of histological structure of the small intestine slices of the size 0,2-0,3 cm were fixed in a solution of Karnua and 10 % solution of formalin and after the appropriate processing were filled in by paraffin. Focused slices of thickness 5-7 microns were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Results: The results of morphological study of histostructure of the intestinal mucosa showed that in the rats with enteral insufficiency the mucous membrane was swollen and infiltrate with single atrophic cellular elements. During treatment of enteral insufficiency with ecdisten all morphometric parameters were reliably improved (P<000,1). Conclusions: Our data indicated that ecdisten may be used as preparation which additionally to known tonic effect has ability to stimulate protein biosynthesis in the body that results in improvement of the processes of membrane digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

This study was carried out in 2012- 2013 to estimate calcium requirements in children age 3-5, using the calcium balance method. A total of 30 children participated in study. Each participant was subjected to a low calcium intake (300 mg/day) for 15 days. After an interval of 2 weeks, another 15 day period was set with a high calcium intake (600 mg/day) for each subject. Calcium intake levels were calculated based on the Vietnamese Food Composition Table published in 2007. Calcium content in intake, feces and urine were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Calcium balance was calculated for each dose of calcium intake. The Calcium requirement was estimated by linear regression between calcium intake and calcium balance. The results showed that the calcium requirement at 140 mg/day of Calcium retention was 378 mg/day in the study children aged 3-5 years.

Background: Residual lithiasis of common bile duct is an indication of choice for endoscopic sphincterotomy. Endoscopic treatment provides clearance of the common bile duct in 90% of cases. However, the presence of multiple or large stones may limit its results. The aim of this study is to evaluate success rate, associated factors and complications of endoscopic treatment in this condition. Material and methods: A total of 542 patients who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for common bile duct stones from January 2007 to March 2013 were retrospectively studied. We compared the results and complications in patients with multiple and/or large stones (group I) versus patients with simple choledochal lithiasis (group II). Results: Patients with multiple and/or large stones represented 32.8% of all patients. The Success rate after first catheterization was 64% in group I versus 90.2% in group II (p<0,001). The overall success rate after additional maneuvers and/or re-intervention was 89% in group I versus 95.3% in group II (p = 0.006). The overall rate of early complications was 4.8% in group II versus 7.8% in group I (p = 0.37). In multivariate analysis, the presence of cholangitis, periampullary diverticulum and choledochal stenosis were associated with lower success rate of endoscopic treatment. Conclusion: Although multiple and large choledochal stones are a real problem for endoscopic management, additional maneuvers allowed us to increase the success rate with no significant rise in early complications. The presence of cholangitis, periampullary diverticulum and/or choledochal stenosis were associated with lower success rate of endoscopic treatment.

Caroli's disease is a rare congenital hepatobiliary disease characterized by multifocal segmental dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts affecting all or parts of the liver. It predisposes to biliary stasis and consequent lithiasis, cholangitis, abscesses, and septicemia. Caroli's disease is most often diffuse and rarely localized to one lobe of the liver, mainly on the left. We report three cases of monolobar Caroli's disease revealed by cholestatic jaundice in 2 cases and recurrent cholangitis in 1 case. All patients were men with an average age of 41 years old. The average duration between first symptoms and diagnosis was 3 months. In all cases the diagnosis was suggested by radiology and confirmed by histology. Caroli's disease was located on the left liver lobe with the presence of intrahepatic lithiasis in 2 cases. The treatment was consisted to a left hepatectomy in 2 cases and a biliary-digestive anastomosis in 1 case. The evolution was favorable in two cases while the third case was lost.

Crohn's disease and Behçet's diseases are two multifactorial autoinflammatory diseases that share many clinical similarities. Their association is exceptional and poses a nosological problem. We report a case of 41 year-old woman monitored for Behcet's disease since 2015 hospitalized in our department for management for chronic diarrhea revealing Crohn's disease. We focused on association of crohn's and Behçet's disease in order to showcase the diagnosis process and therapeutical specifics of this association.